A recent systematic review conducted by the American Heart Association highlights the potential of incorporating healthy food into healthcare for individuals with chronic diseases. The review, which examined 14 randomized controlled trials, found that such programs could enhance diet quality and food security. However, more extensive, high-quality studies are necessary to fully understand their long-term clinical impacts.

Details of the Study on Food as Medicine Programs

In a comprehensive evaluation carried out in Dallas on June 18, 2025, the American Heart Association unveiled findings from a meticulous analysis of randomized controlled trials focusing on food as medicine (FIM) initiatives. These programs aim to integrate nutritious meals into healthcare settings, targeting patients suffering from or at risk of chronic illnesses. The study revealed significant improvements in dietary habits and food security among participants. Nonetheless, inconsistencies were observed in other health metrics like hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and body mass index, likely due to limited sample sizes and brief study durations.

Dr. Hilary K. Seligman, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, emphasized the importance of rigorous research in understanding how best to design these programs for maximum health benefits. With approximately 47 million Americans facing food insecurity, addressing this issue is crucial. The annual cost of treating diet-related cardiometabolic diseases in the U.S. amounts to roughly $50.4 billion.

The scientific statement advocates for more stringent, extended randomized controlled trials to evaluate FIM's influence on health outcomes. It also stresses the need for standardizing allowable foods and interventions within these programs and adopting a stepwise research approach. Dr. Kevin Volpp from the University of Pennsylvania highlighted the necessity of integrating food provision into medical care systems akin to traditional treatments.

Launched in September 2023, the Health Care by Food initiative seeks to establish a robust evidence base for embedding nutritious food into healthcare delivery. This initiative supports 23 pilot trials focused on enhancing participation through implementation science and behavioral economics, paving the way for larger-scale studies.

Inspiration and Perspective

This systematic review underscores the transformative potential of food as medicine in chronic disease management. By investing in rigorous research and innovative approaches, we can bridge existing gaps and create sustainable solutions. Policymakers, clinicians, and researchers must collaborate to ensure equitable access to healthy food as an integral part of healthcare, ultimately reducing costs and improving health outcomes for all.